Psychotherapy Essays

Psychotherapy Essays Psychotherapy Essay Psychotherapy Essay Psychotherapy Research: Logotherapy Jonathan Guillen Langara College Abstract This paper is proposed to depict and give instances of logotherapy and where it originated from. Logotherapy was created by Viktor Frankl and is utilized to assist customers with seeing their own life and attempt to discover importance for it. The procedure of logotherapy depends on the possibility that our essential inspiration to life is to discover meaning. This Unique type of treatment utilizes significance like no other treatment has. It has gotten commonly constructive analysis is still being used today to assist individuals with managing tension issue. LOGOTHERAPY The term â€Å"Logotherapy,† which is established by Viktor Frankl, is gotten from the Greek word, â€Å"logos†, which implies â€Å"meaning†. The word â€Å"therapy† manages the treatment for disarranges. Frankl’s idea depends on the possibility that our essential inspiration in life is to locate an importance throughout everyday life. Logotherapy was first distributed in 1938 Viktor Frankl and Logotherapy. During his initial young years, Frankl got inspired by brain research and despite the fact that he was in secondary school he additionally went to school brain research classes. He got inspired by Sigmund Freud’s work and sent an article to him, named â€Å"Internationale Zeitschrift hide Psycholanalyse† to which he acknowledged. Be that as it may, when it was distributed, Frankle was currently affected by Adler’s work. At 17, Frankl addressed at his school and talked about a theme on the importance of life. His two primary concerns were that â€Å"life doesn't respond to our inquiries regarding the significance of life yet rather puts those inquiries on us,† and â€Å"the extreme importance of life is outside the ability to comprehend of our acumen, yet is something we just can live by, while never having the option to characterize it cognitively† After Adler set up his school of brain research around a similar time the First World War finished, numerous individuals had the existential inquiry of the importance of life, which was obviously what Frankl exploited. In 1930, new ideas and instituted new terms, to be specific, Logotherapy. ‘With the ascent of Hitler, Frankl was taken to a death camp. Despite the fact that he was deprived of everything, during this time he figured out how to compose his book Aerztliche Seelsorge, later distributed in English as â€Å"The Doctor and the Soul. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ â€Å"The Doctor and the Soul† had Frankl’s hypotheses. The 3 fundamentals of Logotherapy were tried in the camps in which he was in. 1. Life has importance under all conditions, even the most hopeless ones. 2. Our primary inspiration for living is our will to discover importance throughout everyday life. 3. We have opportunity to discover significance in what we do, and what we experience, or a least in the stand we take when confronted with a circumstance of unchangeable affliction. After his discharge, Frankl refined and reinforced the possibility of Logotherapy. He worked at a medical clinic where he would rehearse his techniques on patients Assumptions There are a few suppositions in Logotherapy, which like some other type of psychotherapy, can't be demonstrated or disproven with any pardon. The Logotherapy Institute expresses that â€Å"to check whether these suppositions bode well in our lives, we should accept that they are valid. The accompanying rundown is the suspicions of Logotherapy as recorded on the Logotherapy Institute site. 1. â€Å"The individual is a substance comprising of body, psyche, and soul. 2. Life has importance under all conditions, even the most hopeless. 3. Individuals have a will to importance. 4. Individuals have opportunity under all conditions to actu ate the will to discover meaning. 5. Life has an interest quality to which individuals must react if choices are to be significant. 6. The individual is interesting. â€Å"The first supposition manages the body (soma), (mind), and soul (noos). As per Frankl, the body and psyche are what we have and the soul is the thing that we are. Suspicion two is â€Å"ultimate meaning†. This is hard to get a handle on however it is something everybody encounters and it speaks to a request in a world with laws that go past human laws. The third supposition that is viewed as our fundamental inspiration for living and acting. At the point when we see meaning we are prepared for an affliction. This is viewed as not the same as our will to accomplish force and delight. Presumption four is that we are allowed to initiate our will to discover significance and this should be possible nder any conditions. This arrangements with change of mentalities about unavoidable destiny. Frankl had the option to test the initial four suppositions when he was kept in the inhumane imprisonments. The fifth presumption, the significance existing apart from everything else, is more functional in day by day living than extreme importance. Not at all like extreme importance this significance can be found and satisfied. This should be possible by following the estimations of society or by following the voice of our still, small voice. The 6th suspicion manages one’s feeling of significance. This is improved by the acknowledgment that we are key. Key Concepts Frankls approach depends on three ideas: * Freedom of Will * Will to Meaning, * Meaning in Life Freedom of Will According to Logotherapy, we are allowed to settle on choices and we are equipped for taking our position towards mental and organic or social conditions. Opportunity is characterized by Logotherapy as the space of molding ones own life inside the restrictions of the given prospects. Our opportunity originates from the otherworldly component of the individual. As otherworldly individuals, we are self-governing creatures able to do effectively forming our lives. The possibility of opportunity of will assumes a significant job in psychotherapy, in that it gives customers space for self-ruling activity even notwithstanding substantial or mental disease. It will assist them with adapting to their side effects and will have the option to assume responsibility for their lives and increase some assurance to take control. Will to Meaning This idea depicts people as endeavoring to accomplish objectives and finding a reason. This is gotten from the possibility that our essential inspiration is to locate an importance throughout everyday life. On the off chance that we can't understand our Will to Meaning, we suggest our existential conversation starters and believe ourselves to be useless and feel a feeling of vacancy. This disappointment of the should have the option to discover meaning and not having the option to could prompt animosity, enslavement, despondency and conceivable self destruction and could build masochist issue. Logotherapy/Existential Analysis (LTEA) helps customers in seeing and evacuating the variables that keep them away from seeking after significant objectives in their lives. Customers are aided the view of significance possibilities; customers are not offered explicit implications. Rather, they are guided and helped with discovering their own implications and purposes that could be feasible for their own lives, all alone. Which means in Life LTEA depends on the possibility that importance isn't a dream, however a genuine realistic substance. As indicated by LTEA people attempt their hardest to do the best for themselves and for their environmental factors by finding a significance in each circumstance of every second. The importance possibilities are persistently changing dependent on the present circumstance of an individual. LTEA doesn't advise or offer an importance to customer, yet rather, enables the customer to accomplish the capacity to shape their own lives in a significant manner to assist them with finding their own significance in their own lives. Helpful methods Paradoxical Intention Paradoxical Intention is utilized for those with habitual disarranges and nervousness issue. The thought is to get the customer to uncover themselves purposefully or to want for a circumstance that makes tension. This is utilized to break the pattern of an indication that makes a side effect that is dreaded to such an extent that the tension ascents, and therefore, makes that very side effect one dreaded. A well known contextual investigation is the situation of the perspiring specialist: â€Å"A youthful specialist had serious hydrophobia. At some point, meeting his boss in the city, as he broadened his turn in welcome, he saw that he was sweating more than expected. Whenever he was in a comparative circumstance he expected to sweat once more, and this expectant uneasiness accelerated extreme perspiring. It was an endless loop †¦ We exhorted our patient, if his expectant tension ought to repeat, to determine purposely to show the individuals whom he went up against at the time exactly the amount he could truly perspire. After seven days he came back to report that at whatever point he met any individual who set off his tension, he said to himself, I just worked out a liter previously, however now Im going to spill out at any rate ten liters ! What was the aftereffect of this incomprehensible goals ? In the wake of experiencing his fear for a long time, he was rapidly capable, after just a single meeting, to free himself of it for good. (from Pyschotherapy and Existentialism, p 139)† Dereflexion is utilized for those with Sexual disarranges and restlessness and furthermore for tension issue. The point of this strategy is to get the customer to get center around something else than the issue, apparently, something increasingly positive or significant. For instance, if the customer can't rest and they make a decent attempt to nod off that it is keeping them alert, their considerations must be occupied. Socratic discourse/change of mentalities Socratic exchange is regularly utilized by logotherapists, they utilize this to enable the customer to know about, in any event, the likelihood to fine the opportunity to discover or potentially satisfy the importance throughout everyday life. Logotherapy and Other Therapies Psychoanalysis In Psychoanalysis Adler and Freud both spotlight on the past issues while Logotherapyâ centers  rather around the future, that is to say,â onâ theâ implications  toâ be  fulfilledâ inâ his future† (Fran

Baptism : Its Meaning and Functions

Absolution By Reshma Soodeen Caribbean Nazarene College In fractional satisfaction of the prerequisites for Course: DT 200 Survey of Theology Lecturer: Mrs. Donnamie Ali Date: April 15, 2013 Introduction Baptism is by all accounts one of the most disputable purposes of precept and in this manner, there are numerous conventions and lessons with respect to the subject. As indicated by Purkiser (1978), the idea of Baptism shifts incredibly in philosophical centrality just as mode. As far as accepts, the continuum reaches out from baby sanctification to grown-up believer’s baptism.Some bunches contend that full submersion into the water is fundamental during immersion, while others contend that it isn't. The thought and importance of Baptism shifts immensely in the various parts of the Christian houses of worship. Immersion is referenced a few times in the good book. In Matthews 3:2-12, John lectured the Jews, that they ought to apologize for their transgressions in anticipation o f the happening to the Kingdom. He talked about Baptism with water just as sanctification with the Holy Spirit and fire. The conviction is that Baptism achieves the washing endlessly of sin.Acts 2:38, â€Å"†¦Then Peter said unto them, Repent , and be purified through water all of you for the sake of Jesus Christ for the reduction of sins, and ye will get the endowment of the Holy Ghost†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Bible likewise expresses that, on day of atonement, Jesus will pass judgment on all who has lived, and separate the spared from the unsaved. The spared will go to unceasing life in the Kingdom, while in unsaved will be reviled with interminable discipline. (Matt. 25:31-46). In light of this, one can see the significance of finding the response to the inquiry, What would i be able to do to be spared? Romans 3. 23 expresses that all have trespassed and miss the mark regarding the magnificence of God.This implies then that everybody needs salvation. As indicated by Acts 4. 12, sa lvation comes through Jesus Christ alone. To be spared one must hear the uplifting news of Jesus Christ (Romans 10:14), Believe that Jesus Christ is the child of God (Hebrews 11:6; Acts 8:37; Mark 16:16; John 8:24), Repent of our transgressions (Luke 13:3), Confess confidence in Jesus Christ ( Romans 10:9), be Baptized (Acts 2:37-41; Peter 3:21; John 3:3-5; Acts 22:16; Romans 6:3-8; Colossians 2:12; Galatians 3:26-27; Mark 16:15-16 and Ephesians 4:5), stay loyal and convey one’s cross day by day (Rev 2:10; Matt 24:13; Luke 9:23).In the most essential terms, absolution can be thought of as a sign and seal of the pledge of beauty. It is an image which focuses to the possibility of a more noteworthy reality. At the point when the congregation performs absolution, it vouches for the passing, entombment and restoration of Jesus Christ and connotes the sinner’s association with Jesus in all that he did and achieved for the benefit of humanity. Submersion alongside the Lordâ €™s dinner or fellowship, is likewise a seal. In immersion the Lord puts his imprint upon the purified through water. The contrite and claiming Christian gets the seal of heaven’s proprietorship. Powell 2008). This paper will take a gander at Baptism with water just as, its importance and its capacities. What is Baptism? Immersion is the outward indication of tolerating Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that sanctification without anyone else doesn't spare, absolution and salvation goes together. Sanctification is something that one does after they have acknowledged Christ into their lives. There are numerous inquiries encompassing the idea of submersion, two of which are: should babies be sanctified through water and would it be advisable for it to be full inundation or is sprinkling adequate? These inquiries return to around 400 AD, to a man named Augustine.Augustine concocted the possibility of â€Å"original sin†, which implies that during childbirth, everybody ac quires the transgressions of Adam, and is in this way isolated from God from the earliest starting point of their lives. Guardians were clearly and justifiably worried about this, and chose to purify through water their kids in case of them passing on before tolerating Jesus Christ as their friend in need. Since full inundation of babies would have been hazardous, they chose to sprinkle the youngsters with water. Matthew 18:10 demonstrated that youngsters are remained careful by God until they can completely comprehend the significance of tolerating Christ.Take regard that ye loathe not one of these little ones; for I state unto you, That in paradise their blessed messengers do consistently view the substance of my Father which is in paradise. (Matthew 18:10) (Swindoll n. d) Baptism represents Jesus’s Death Burial and Resurrection. As indicated by Rice (2000), when the word Baptism is utilized in the Bible, except if in any case expressed, it alludes to Baptism by water and t hat the word sanctify through water originates from the Greek word â€Å"Baptizo†, which intends to plunge, plunge or totally submerge in liquid.The word â€Å"Baptizo† was likewise connected with the specialty of coloring. Similarly as during the time spent coloring, the material is totally dunked into the color fluid and when lifted it uncovered another look, so too in absolution the adherent is totally inundated in water. Inundation during Baptism represents the passing of one’s sins, and the proper for another animal, being conceived again into the family unit of God and his child Jesus Christ. After drenching one is raised again from transgression, to another life through baptism.Baptism represents the demise, entombment and restoration of Jesus Christ. Romans 6:4 states that â€Å"Therefore we are covered with him by immersion into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the brilliance of the Father, even so we ought to likewise stroll i n freshness of life. † (Copeland n. d) Baptism represents the purging of one’s soul. Sanctification represents the washing and purging of one’s soul. Ananias, when he was sent to Paul in Damascus, said to him: â€Å"†¦ emerge, and be immersed, and wash away thy sins†¦ † (Acts 22:16).Peter said to the large number in Jerusalem â€Å"†¦ Repent, and be purified through water all of you for the sake of Jesus Christ for the abatement of sins †¦ † (Acts 2:38). Paul, keeping in touch with the Corinthians and helping them to remember their situation in Christ, said â€Å"†¦ however ye are washed, yet ye are purified, yet ye are supported for the sake of the Lord Jesus †¦ † And to the Ephesians he alludes legitimately to the mechanism of this purifying when he says: â€Å"That he may bless and scrub it with the washing of water by the word† (Eph. :26). (Hoeck 1998). It is the Lord’s guarantee that a similar way that water washes away earth, the blood that was shed by Jesus Christ, washes away sins of the individuals who acknowledge him. ( Albani n. d) Baptism is a demonstration of acquiescence Baptism is a demonstration of submission, which ought to be a prompt piece of one’s acknowledgment of the endowment of elegance offered by Jesus Christ. Matthew 28:19 says, â€Å"Go in this way and make devotees of the considerable number of countries, purifying through water them for the sake of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Toward the start of his open service, Jesus Christ himself took water submersion by drenching in River Jordan so as to satisfy all honesty. (John 3:3). The Word of God solicits devotees to follow Jesus’s ventures from humble compliance, which incorporates water absolution. John the Baptist called the Jews to admit their wrongdoings and exhibit contrition through submersion in the Jordan River. Jesus, who is without transgression, joined the group at the waterway and requested that John purify through water him.By following his model in the waters of immersion, devotees are freely admitting their confidence in the Savior and distinguishing themselves with Him. In a discussion with Nicodemus, Jesus pronounced, â€Å"I come clean with you, nobody can see the Kingdom of God except if he is conceived of water and spirit† 1 Peter 2:21, †¦ â€Å"because Christ additionally languished over us, leaving us a model, that ye ought to follow his steps:† Baptism is a demonstration of acquiescence to God after salvation. (DeMichele n. d) Baptism joins devotees with ChristBaptism speaks to the sinner’s profound association with Jesus in his passing, internment and restoration. Romans 6. 1-5, â€Å"†¦What will we say at that point? Will we proceed in wrongdoing, that beauty may flourish? God disallow. In what manner will we, that are dead to sin, live any more drawn out in that? Know ye not, that such a signi ficant number of us as were sanctified through water into Jesus Christ were purified through water into his demise? Subsequently we are covered with him by submersion into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the magnificence of the Father, even so we additionally should stroll in novelty of life.For in the event that we have been planted together in the resemblance of his passing, we will be likewise in the similarity of his resurrection†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Those who are joined with Christ kicked the bucket when Christ kicked the bucket, were covered when Christ was covered and similarly as Christ rose, they also emerge from the water to an existence of exemplary nature. Obviously the withering, covering and rising are for the most part emblematically spoke to in the demonstration of submersion. In light of their solidarity with Christ by confidence, they get the advantages of Jesus’ passing, internment and resurrection.Believers, through confidence, partake i n all that Jesus did and in this manner, submersion can be viewed as an image of that profound reality. Submersion is the holy observance that joins devotees with Jesus Christ and makes them individuals from God’s family. Through the intensity of the Holy Spirit, absolution starts devotees into the Church, presents the guarantee of God’s elegance upon them, guarantees that God will pardon their transgressions and calls them to an existence of Christian help and satisfaction. Through submersion devotees become embraced children and little girls of the God.At the exact instant of appropriation, the offspring of God get their legacy which is everlasting association with God. (Brito, 2008) Baptism gives an eschatological certainty that the life in Christ is an endless life. â€Å"Now in the event that we be dead with Christ, we accept that we will likewise live with him: Knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no more; demise hath no more territory over him. For in that he kicked the bucket, he passed on unto sin once: however in that he liveth, he liveth unto God. † (Romans 6:8-10). These

Book Riots Deals of the Day for June 6th, 2019

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My Bondage And My Freedom - 1223 Words

â€Å"My Bondage and My Freedom† Slavery, Hardships, and Freedom? This book describes a day in a life of Frederick Douglass. In 2013, I saw a movie called ’12 Years A Slave’ reading this book and watching the movie was eye-opening for me. ‘My Freedom’ in this book explains that young Douglass suffered as a slave, when which he failed to flee his ‘Bondage’, then eventually he escapes that life. Douglass’s story continues to reverberate throughout his life and the American Dream that he conquered all the obstacles that he overcame and reached his goal. He shows us that you can achieve your goals if you strive for it. â€Å"My Bondage and My Freedom† is an eye-opener for your life and you can compare your life and see how you can make a change†¦show more content†¦He was so thrilled to leave the life of the field work behind him. â€Å"I had been treated as a pig on the plantation: I was treated as a child now†, he says that â€Å"troops of hostile boys† he would wish that he could be back on â€Å"the home plantation†. Auld’s wife Sophia was teaching Douglass how to read, when all of a sudden, Auld walks in and he insisted that she stop immediately, he said â€Å"a slave, should know nothing but the will of his mater†, â€Å"would forever unfit him for the duties of a slave†. Douglass heard and was able to understand the message, but he got so much out of his crucial statement. â€Å"In learning to read, therefore, I†¦ owe quite as much to the opposition of my master, as to kindly assistance of my amiable mistress†. Douglass was to determined to learn so he would exchanging bread for reading lessons, from hungry white children from the streets of Baltimore. â€Å"For a single biscuit† he states, â€Å"any of my hungry little comrades would give me a lesson more valuable to me than bread†. One of many instances where Douglass own audacity when he was still young, was when he was sent by Master Auld to the planation, as Covey aka The Negro Breaker. Auld’s objective was that the Willy and resentfulness of Covey would break Douglass’s unconquerable emotions. Auld almost achieved that. Douglass would sometimes defend himself to one of his temporary master’s. His temporary master would brutallyShow MoreRelatedMy Bondage And My Freedom1393 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1855, My Bondage and My Freedom, was published by Fredrick Douglass. Douglass was a slave, but he was much more than just someone’s property. He was born in Talbot County, Maryland in 1818. Slavery during this time was in full effect. Families were being separated and ripped apart from one another, and sold to masters. My Bondage and My Freedom was an autobiography written by Douglass after he was free from slavery. This book is more than just a summary of a historian’s explanation of slavery;Read More My Bondage and my Freedom Essay1931 Words   |  8 P ages At first glance, the book â€Å"my bondage and my freedom by Frederick Douglass appeared to be extremely dull and frustrating to read. After rereading the book for a second time and paying closer attention to the little details I have realized this is one of the most impressive autobiographies I have read recently. This book possesses one of the most touching stories that I have ever read, and what astonishes me the most about the whole subject is that its a true story of Douglass life. â€Å" DouglassRead MoreMy Bondage, My Freedom Fredrick Douglass772 Words   |  4 Pageslong in finding out another important truth, what man can make, man can unmake† (Douglass 59). In My Bondage and My Freedom, Fredrick Douglass explains in detail the harsh and cruel realties of slavery and how slavery was an institution that victimized not only slaves, but slave holders, and non-slave holding whites. Fredrick Douglass could not have been more right with his observation of slavery. In my opinion, slavery is not only an institution, but is a prime example of a corrupt business modelRead MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom By Frederick Douglass1846 Words   |  8 Pageswas born in Talbot County, Maryland in 1817 as a slave due to his mother’s status. During his life he had faced many cruelties by his masters and failures escaping slavery. When he finally escaped slavery, he wrote an autobiography called My Bondage and My Freedom, which was published in 1855. This book impacted society by bringing realization on how slavery was inhumane, and needed to be abolished. Also, this book was so inspiring and successful, it had an abundant of reprinted copies in differentRead MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom By Frederick Douglass1885 Words   |  8 PagesThe autobiography My Bondage and My Freedom, by Frederick Douglass, illustrates the life and the journey of a born slave in Maryland, into liberation and the gradual understanding of slavery’s inconsistencies in general. He tell his story the public sphere, white non slaveholders, in hopes of helping them gain a better understanding of what slavery truly is from a first hand perspective. It starts off with a realization that he, his grandmother, and everyone around him belonged to someone named â€Å"oldRead MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom And Frederick Douglass Analysis1701 Words   |  7 Pagesequality. As it may seem immoral to twist truths, if done correctly it will strengthen the authors message, without compromising the authenticity of the plot. One can see this in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, along with his, My Bondage and My Freedom. Both novels are accounts of Douglass’ troublesome journey from a slave to a freeman. These heroic accounts served as prominent and respected propaganda upon entering the abolitionist crusade. Despite the criticism garnered during Douglass’Read MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom 1855 Edition† Is One Of The Most1429 Wor ds   |  6 PagesMy Bondage and My Freedom 1855 Edition† is one of the most interesting autobiographical narratives I have ever read. Fredrick Douglass wrote it and published in 1855. Various scholars have also praised the quality in the book. For instance, Stauffer puts it in his foreword that, The story is a profound meditation on what race, slavery, and freedom mean, as well as a demonstration of the power of literacy and faith† (Stauffer 16). â€Å"My Bondage and My Freedom† is the second book of Douglass’s threeRead MoreThe Unnatural Insitution Essay745 Words   |  3 Pagesnot found in nature. â€Å" Institutiones (161AD). Fredrick Douglass wrote My Bondage My Freedom as a marketing ploy based on Jurist Gaius’s idea. Slavery is an unnatural institution and it affects everyone. It affects those enslaved, those whom enslave, and even those who are not involved with either one. It is easy to see how those whom have been enslaved are affected. The most come, or easier seen is the simple lack of freedom. Those whom are enslaved are slaves and not free men, but the damageRead MoreFrederick Douglass, An American Slave1114 Words   |  5 Pages(Graves, 52 ) Frederick’s oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. Douglass’s most significant autobiographical works include: Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave: My Bondage And My Freedom: and Life And Times Of Frederick Douglass. These three books are about the same person, and share a similar message, but are written by Frederick at different times of his life, looking at the past in different ways. In NarrativeRead MoreEssay Frederick Douglass and Slavery1448 Words   |  6 Pagesscarce meals, and other harsh treatment. His thirst for freedom , and his burning hatred of slavery caused him to write Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, and other similar biographies. In his Narrative, he wrote the complete story of his miserable life as a slave and his strife to obtain freedom. The main motivational force behind his character (himself) was to make it through another day so that someday he might see freedom. The well written books that he produced were all based on

Evaluation Of A Comprehensive Assessment Essay - 1636 Words

Jadine Sawyer: A Comprehensive Assessment Assessment is an integral part of the counseling process. It is not only vital to the gathering of information about a client in various areas, but through effective use, it can also enhance the therapeutic alliance. As the ACA Code of Ethics (2014) states in their very first code, Code A.1.a, â€Å"the primary responsibility of counselors is to respect the dignity and promote the welfare of clients,† (p. 3). The proper utilization of assessment techniques is a tool for counselors to accomplish that very responsibility. Juhnke (1995) stated, regarding assessment, that, â€Å"assessment provides direction for treatment and aids in the evaluation process†¦It is the counselor’s responsibility to gain sufficient information regarding the client and the client’s presenting concerns to establish an effective treatment strategy,† (p. 2). In the following, we will examine a comprehensive assessment of our client, Jadi ne, in which every effort was taken to gain sufficient information for the benefit of helping her. This paper will outline the use of multiple assessment techniques with our client, Jadine. It will not only include information gathered about Jadine and her presenting concerns and symptoms, but also assessments and their results, all of which pertain to Jadine’s current situation. An examination of these assessments will also be explored, as well as their validity. Lastly, this paper will interpret the results of Jadine’s assessments andShow MoreRelatedHolistic Assessment : A Comprehensive Evaluation1462 Words   |  6 PagesHOLISTIC ASSESSMENT Name of student Oluwatoyin Omope Course Health Assesment Instructor Prof. Robinson Institution Affiliation Bowie State University Holistic assessment Introduction A comprehensive evaluation is usually employed in the nursing process. 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The Crazy Horse Electric Baseball Game Free Essays

The story starts of while they are playing their first baseball game of the season against the Crazy Horse Electrics. They decide to put beer in the opposition team’s water bottles as a prank, so that they could win. After that Willie decides to go fishing with his dad. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crazy Horse Electric Baseball Game or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have deep conversations, and they start talking about why Willie’s mom does not fish like she used too. Then they get into talking about Missy, Willie’s little sister who died of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). After that the book cuts into another baseball game, they are playing against the Crazy Horse Electrics. Sal, a big guy on the Crazy Horse, and Johnny get into a verbal argument, and then Johnny says something personal about him and he wound up and decked Johnny one. They break it up and continue the game. When Willie was about to pitch he looses his balance and Sal hits a good pitch. Then out of pure luck and talent, Willie stretches himself out and robs Sal of a sure triple. Willie becomes a minor legend. On their way home from school Jenny and Willie hook up. Then on the weekend, Jenny, Johnny, Willie and his family decide to go to the lake. Willie and Jenny set the table for a picnic when Johnny is out skiing. Willies mom complains about him never being safe enough. Next it is Willie’s turn to water-ski. As Willie was doing a 360 ° turn, he caught the tips of his skis under the water and he crashed. Willies dad was in shock, Jenny had to give Willie mouth to mouth, and save his life. The left the boat, got into the vehicle, and drove to the hospital. Willie ends up with a speech impediment, and problems walking. He ends up doing crazy things, like acid, and drinking. He talks to a counselor whom he really likes. Willie does not want to go into a Special Ed class that the school is referring him to. He feels hopeless, and even jealous of his girlfriend for her athletics. He tries to play racquetball, but his dad gets frustrated with him. That night he hears his parents arguing over him. He hears his dad say that he thinks it would have been easier if Willie had died in the accident. From there he suspects Jenny and Petey of getting together, and finds out that they are. Willie freaks out on Petey when he trips of Willies cane, and then Petey unintentionally turns all of the attention over to Willie. Willie decides that night that he is going to run away. He goes to the bank, and tells the teller that he is going to buy a VCR, then he goes to the bus depot. He starts off on the bus with no regret, and no guilt. He arrives in Oakland, and has to take a bus transfer from there to get to the bus that will take him to San Francisco. On his way to the bus he meets a gang called the Jo Boys. They try to take his money, but when the bus came he jumped right on it to get away. They get on the bus too. He talks to the bus driver, and the bus driver says that he will try to stall the gang, but that’s about all he can do. So he tries to run away as fast as he can with his handicap, and they catch up, beat him up, and take all four hundred dollars from Willie. Willie passes out. When he wakes up, there is the bus driver. He helps him up, then takes him to a restaurant where he agrees to let Willie stay the night, and ONLY the night. Willie ends up staying for good, under the agreement that he will clean up, and stay out of Lacey’s (The bus driver) way. Willie finds out when Lacey says Human Relations Management, that he is a pimp. The next day Lacey and Willie go to look at the school. Willie goes in while Lacy stays in the car. It is a private school, and the owner, Andre, offers free tuition as long as Willie will help keep it clean. Andre explains that the school is for people who have any handicaps, physical disabilities, or things that cause them to have learning problems. So Willie accepts and is getting a tour, when a tall gangly blond kid, named Jack comes up and starts repeating over and over again, â€Å"This school is a chicken-shit rip-off†. Finally Andre calms him down, and they finish the tour. After a few days, Willie begins to actually try to be normal again. Though he is slow, Jack asked him to play a game of basketball. They went to an abandoned court, and started a game. This was when Jack started to call himself the â€Å"Telephone Man†. People start to watch the game, and Willie starts to get nervous. Finally the game ends, and Willie goes into the office with the Phys Ed teacher, Lisa. She asks him if he wants some help with getting control back. He says that he doesn’t have any money, but he finds out she is doing it for a university paper. So they start with learning how to find his center. Willie stays in Lacey’s apartment and practices dancing to some horrid music. He is learning how to place one foot in front of the other with applying the same amount of pressure on both sides. Suddenly Lacey comes home with a girl from Willie’s school, Angel. Lacey is extremely drunk, and has the girl around the waste. Willie figured it out. She was a whore. Willie goes to bad, and then wakes up to screaming. He runs into Lacey’s room to find him beating Angel. He takes his cane, and pounds it across Lacey until Lacey is flat out cold. Then Angle runs and calls the ambulance, and gets mad at Willie. She tells Willie that when Lacey wakes up he is going to kill Willie. So the next day Willie goes to the hospital. Andre had offered for Willie to stay in the basement of the school if he needed too a little while ago. Willie went in there, and he saw Lacey. At first Lacey was pissed off, but when Willie said that he would move, Lacey asked him to stay. Later on Willie was practicing basketball again. He was doing it a lot. Andre saw him and said that he was starting to look like a player. Willie rebounds the compliment to Lisa, because she was the one who was helping him so much. Andre asked him why he doesn’t hang around with the kids. Willie replied that he doesn’t do drugs. Andre gets a little angry and says that that is not the only way to get into the school. They play a little more, and Willie says that he will try to make friends. Later that night, after Willie finished polishing Lacey’s car, Willie gets a phone call. It is Lacey’s ex-wife, and she told him to tell Lacey that his son is still rotting away. Will decides to relay the message just to â€Å"your ex wife called. † Willie had never pried into Lacey’s personal life, but when Lacey came home, he read the message. Then Willie and Lacey get into his car, and drive down to an old facility. When they look in they see Lacey’s son, staring into blind air, damaged permanently. Lacey had abused him when he was younger. Lacey told Willie that Then Willie asks if that was the reason that Lacey took him in was to make up for what happened to his son. The next day at school, Lisa told Willie to ask Lacey for a hundred and forty dollars, for a special course. She said to tell Lacey that all the students were taking it, and Willie was getting a deal. So Lacey gave him the money, and the next morning Lisa picked up Willie, and they went to a gym to work out, then Willie got introduced to Sammy, who was Lisa’s â€Å"boyfriend†. He taught Willie how to protect himself, and to use his â€Å"set-backs† as an advantage. Later on, Willie saw Angel, and he asked her if she was still working for Lacey. She said that she still was. He told her that he had talked to Lacey, and he said he would promise to tell her that she could go. He had told her, but she didn’t want to give it up. It was the only way that she could get money, and she had been raped when she was younger. During the weekends, Willie and a bunch of people would go to the school and fix it up. Then one day, Willie went into the school, and found spray painted all over Jo Boys. He cleaned it up, and left. Then the next morning he found it again, and left it for Andre to find. Hawk got really angry about this, and was going to beat the Jo Boys up. Then Willie went to the washroom to find Jack in there, sick to his stomach from eating Bisquick and strawberry-scented shampoo. He told him to wait there while he grabbed him some clothes from the lost and found, and then sent him to run home and get changed. Willie went back to class, and then when he heard, â€Å"fight†. Hawk ran up and found Jack on the floor and the lead Jo Boy, Kam, against the wall. So Hawk beat him up. Then Hawk convinced Willie into letting them come into the school, since Willie had the keys, and wait for the Jo Boys to come, and they would catch them in the act, and beat them up. So that night Willie went, and they never showed up. The Jo Boys came and set the school on fire. Willie beat up Kam in the dark with his cane, and then went back and got him before he burned in the fire. Kam got sent to a Juvenile Delinquent Center. Willie was a hero. Then the book cuts to graduation. Willie thanks all the people that helped him along the way, and the next day he heads home. When he gets there, his parents are divorced, his dad is a drunk. His mom has remarried to a guy named Don. His dad doesn’t want anything to do with him. Jenny is still angry at him because everyone thought that he was dead, and she felt guilty. He works things out with his family, and then goes to see his old house. When he gets there he sees a tiny baby, in his room. He sticks his finger out for her to grab and she does. He begins to cry. The mother says that her name is Melinda. He says, â€Å"Thank-you, she’s beautiful†, turns around, leaves and head back to southern Oakland. How to cite The Crazy Horse Electric Baseball Game, Essay examples

Minit Lube Case Study Essay Example

Minit Lube Case Study Essay The following are some observations, conclusions and recommendations we made. -Company’s value proposition is Operational excellence -All ten operations decisions has to support chose value proposition and provide competitive advantage -Minit-lube provides fast and quality customer service at low cost by utilizing resources in an efficient way Analysis Mission of Minit-Lube is to provide fast and superior quality customer service with no additional cost to customer. In order to succeed in the market place company has to have focus. The value proposition most likely might be Operational Excellence. In this case, competitive advantage is created through high efficiency of the operations, and as a result providing a greater value to the customers in comparison to key competitors. Ideally, we have to analyze 10 operation decisions in all functional areas in the light of chosen Value proposition and determine areas of process improvements. At the same time we have to decide which of the 10 decisions we have to concentrate on in terms of improvement and how much effort we will place on others. The service provided by the company is in maturity stage since it is highly standardized and many other companies provide similar service to the customers. In order to retain and improve productivity company has to be highly efficient in use of assets. 10 operation decisions should be implemented in a way to provide competitive advantage. 1. Services design. Company differentiates itself by creating positive first impression, providing fast service by combining procedures which can be done simultaneously and more efficient way of assets usage. 2. Quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Minit Lube Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Minit Lube Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Minit Lube Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Precise job assignment, good training and concentrating on specific task allow for a high quality service while ensuring high speed. 3. Process and capacity design. Since the product is in maturity stage the capacity utilization has to be optimal, and process must be very stable. In this case Mini-Lube has well define and very efficient process of car maintenance, it make good use of facility and labour. 4. Location selection. The location has to be close to the customers, probably in commercial areas where customer can enjoy different activities while their cars are on service. Additionally, since the process only takes about 10 minutes, it is more important for the customer to have activities accessible within the facility It should be located close to customers, probably in commercial areas near competitors, brightly lit and accessible, so that the clean, professional atmosphere and competitive cost will entice consumers. 5. Layout design. Layout is well designed and supports overall company’s focus on fast and quality service. A comfortable lounge area should be conveniently located within the building, perhaps with fresh coffee and magazines will allow the customer to relax while his or her car is serviced. . Human resources and job design. Company seems to utilize well its human resources. While service representatives are taking orders and working with the next customer, the team of three technicians is doing necessary maintenance on the car of the previous customer. This way, the higher-skilled technicians are able to focus on the more skilled task, while a lower-paid representative takes care of the more menial tasks. Thus, by effectively using human resources the company reduces labor cost which is generally the most expensive part of service cost. That allows Minit-Lube to provide better quality service to the customer for the lowest possible cost. 7. Supply-chain management. Minit-Lube needs to create trustful long-lasting relationships with its suppliers. That strategy will allow Mini-Lube to negotiate better prices as well as a regular delivery schedule in order to reduce purchasing, ordering, carrying and stockout costs. 8. Inventory. Inventory purchasing and storing decision is in a correlation with supply-chain management decision. If supply-chain management is effective, inventory management can be done on the lowest possible cost. By tracking past sales history, Minit-Lube will be able to effectively forecast when and how much stock is needed. For example, if the peak sales day of the week is Saturday, inventory delivery can occur every Thursday so that stock is ready for the weekend. If stock were to unexpectedly run out, it would occur during a less critical time. 9. Scheduling. Company has to determine number of employees it needs to provide necessary service in different periods, so there is always enough workers during the peak periods and not too many in slow time. There are various classes of employees, lower-skilled customer service representatives who greet the customer and perform fluid checks, as well as higher-skilled service personnel. Tracking the length of time it takes each team member to perform his or her task will allow for a greater degree of accuracy in scheduling. 10. Maintenance. Since the service is in its maturity stage the process has to be highly stable, so maintenance is very important for the entire operation process. See Tom’s solution

In Cold Blood Report essays

In Cold Blood Report essays Truman Capote, in his work In Cold Blood, used a conventional form of language to capture the reader in suspense. There were, in fact, styles of writing that he purposely neglected to use. He deviated from the norm to create an effect that would allow the reader to interpret different views from the story. Of the conventional ideas of writing that Capote neglected, keeping the story in one setting at all times was among them. During his era, writers would take a story and focus on one main idea to follow it through to the conclusion. However, Capote used a slightly different approach; he had two main ideas working simultaneously. The story began in the humble town of Holcomb. We meet the Clutter family and get a taste of what life is like in this small, quaint little Kansas town. Before any plot is laid out, though, the story jumps over to a new setting and idea: Dick and Perry. This style of writing would be like watching two movies, one on each half of the movie screen. The movie would eventually come together when the two different scenarios meet; when Dick and Perry enter Holcomb and murder the Clutter family. Capote used this approach to create a different type of suspense for the reader. Instead of using cliff-hangers between chapters, when an author would make an open-ended statement suggesting that something that of great importance is to come, Capote essentially eliminated the entire chapter idea. The book was divided into several major sections. The only divisional markers past the sections were large gaps between paragraphs to allow the reader to transition from one idea to the other. The reason Capote used this method was to create an effect of confusion, followed by understanding. Since two ideas are presented, the reader initially becomes confused as to where the story itself is heading. But as the nice town of Holcomb gets nicer, and the sick-minded ways of Dick and Per...

Learn About Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, Halyomorpha halys

Learn About Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, Halyomorpha halys I have a peculiar fascination with stink bugs. My affection may be misplaced, however, because some stink bugs are pests of garden plants and fruit trees. One exotic species, the brown marmorated stink bug came to the U.S. recently and the agricultural industry is already on alert. Description: The adult brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, can be confused with other brown stink bugs. To identify this species accurately, examine its antennae for alternating bands of light and dark on the last two segments. Adults are a blotchy brown color, with alternating light and dark markings along the edges of the abdomen. They grow to 17mm in length. In its U.S. range, Halyomorpha halys adults may be observed from spring to September. In the fall, they may invade houses and other structures. Find stink bugs in your home in the fall, and theres a good chance youve got brown marmorated stink bugs. First and second instars appear tick-like, but yellowish or reddish in color. The final three instars (five total) become darker and closer in appearance to the adults. Older nymphs have banded legs and antennae and abdominal markings like adults. Clusters of light green eggs may be found from June to August. If you do find a brown marmorated stink bug, keep the insect in a vial or jar and report the find to your local extension office. This insect has the potential to become a serious agricultural pest, and scientists are tracking its spread. Classification: Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - HemipteraFamily - PentatomidaeGenus - HalyomorphaSpecies - H. halys Diet: Brown marmorated stink bugs feed on plants by piercing fruits and stems. The long list of host plants favored by this insect makes it a significant agricultural pest if populations get too large. Host plants include a variety of fruit and shade trees, as well as other woody ornamentals and even legumes. Known food sources include pear, peach, apricot, cherry, mulberry, persimmon, and apple trees; Buddleia, honeysuckle, Rosa rugosa, and abelia shrubs; raspberries and grapes; and legumes including soybeans and beans. Life Cycle: The brown marmorated stink bug undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. In the U.S., only a single life cycle occurs per year. However, in its native Asia, five life cycles per year have been observed. As H. halys spreads south, more life cycles per year are likely. Eggs - The female lays barrel-shaped eggs in masses of 25-30, on the undersides of leaves.Nymphs - Nymphs emerge 4-5 days after eggs are laid. Each instar lasts about one week.Adults - Adults fly, and become sexually mature about two weeks after their final molt. The female lays eggs at one-week intervals. She can lay as many as 400 eggs in a season. Special Adaptations and Defenses: Like other cousins in the Pentatomidae family, brown marmorated stink bugs possess glands in the thorax capable of producing malodorous compounds. When handled or crushed, stink bugs release this foul-smelling secretion. Their coloration provides camouflage from predators, such as birds. Habitat: Fruit tree orchards, soybean fields, and other areas where host plants occur, including the home landscape. Range: The brown marmorated stink bug is native to eastern Asia, existing in China, Japan, and Korea. Halyomorpha halys has been detected in 42 U.S. states and several Canadian provinces.   Other Common Names: Yellow-brown stink bug, East Asian stink bug Sources: Regional Pest Alert: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Northeastern IPM CenterBrown Marmorated Stink Bug - A New Exotic Insect in New Jersey, Rutgers Cooperative Extension FS002Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, University of FloridaBrown Marmorated Stink Bug, Penn state University

What causes inflation in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What causes inflation in China - Essay Example Inflation is an economic phenomenon in which prices of goods and services increase gradually over a period of time. It is one of the most important economic problems facing by majority of the countries at present. Even developed countries and rapidly emerging countries are not free from the problems generated by inflation. China is the most rapidly developing country in the world at present. Yet, â€Å"China's inflation rate hit a 10-month high in February, as Lunar New Year festivities drove up food prices. Consumer prices rose 3.2% from a year earlier, with food prices up by 6% (China inflation rate hits 10-month high in February, 2013). This paper analyses the reasons of inflation in China. Causes of inflation in China Even economists are not unique in their opinions about the reasons of inflation. In other words, there are plenty of reasons for inflation in a country. However, two economic theories; Demand pull and cost push inflation theories explain the reasons of inflation co mprehensively. Demand-pull inflation occurs when demand for a good or service increases so much that it outstrips supply. As demand increases, sellers start selling out of the product, and frustrate potential customers. Their next step would be to produce more. However, if supply is constrained, their next step would be to raise prices, creating inflation (Amadeo, 2013). Demand pull inflation is illustrated in the figure given below. Demand pull inflation is a case in which too much money available in the market whereas the availability of goods or services is less. In other words, in economies with demand pull inflation, demand for goods and services will be increased whereas the supply decreased. As a result of that price will be increased. (Monetary Policy - Inflation – Causes, 2012) Demand pull inflation occurs mainly in growing economies. Since China is one of the most rapidly growing economies, demand pull inflation occurs quite frequently. â€Å"China’s broad m oney supply more than doubled in four years, reaching 97.42 trillion yuan (US$15.66 trillion) by the end of 2012, according to central bank figures. Economists blame the unprecedented growth in credit for the inflation and asset bubbles† (Zitan, 2013). Centran bank of China is printing excessive currencies in recent times in order to pump more money into the market and to increase the economic activities. As a result of that asset bubbles are creating major industrial sectors, like real estate industry in China. Asset bubble is an economic phenomenon in which the prices of assets increase sharply. In other words, asset bubble increases the prices of commodities beyond its actual or realistic price. When prices of a commodity increases beyond its actually value, the possibility of sudden collapse of its value cannot be ruled out. In short, when the government pumps more money into the market the value of the commodities increases beyond its actual prices and thereby causing inf lation. Credit or money supply is essential for a country’s economic growth. It has direct relationships with the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country. Economic activities in a country can be sustained only with the help of adequate money supply. However, excessive money supply brings more harm than good. Money supply is usually keeps a ratio of 1 to 1.5 with GDP in developed countries. However, in China’s case, this ratio reached an all-time high 1.88 in 2012 (Zitan, 2013). In terms of credit creation, no country seems to be anywhere near to China. As a result of that asset bubbles or economic bubbles are common in China. Loans made by Chinese banks in recent times are extremely higher compared to that in the past. Thus, Chinese people are getting plenty of money in their hands for purchasing goods and services. When the purchasing abilities of the people increase, economic activities will also be increased. At the same time, price hikes will also take place as a result of the pumping of more money in to the market. Cost push inflation

E-government problems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

E-government problems - Research Paper Example Past literature illustrates the application of e-governance within federal offices (Groznik, Kovacic & Trkman, 2008). This includes communication through information systems and the internet among federal offices. Researchers demonstrate that such communication is the prerequisite to the ability of government offices to have effective relations (DG Information Society and Media, 2007). It is in this regard therefore that e-governments have been said to employ technology in ensuring that all of its offices work towards a common goal of providing efficient and effective services to the public (Chee-Wee & Benbasat, 2009). It is however notable through a review of past literature on e-governments, that scholars have not reached specific definitions for all aspects of e-governance. This is demonstrated by the different understandings and descriptions of issues in e-governance such as effectiveness, applicability, user friendliness and the various applications that are used in the implemen tation of e-government across all platforms of government operations (Ong, Katerattanakul & Seok Jeong, 2008). Past research literature agrees that e-government and its design are aimed at benefiting citizens (Sarantis, Smithson, Charalabidis & Askounis, 2010). This includes workers across a nation that implements e-governance, ordinary citizens, practitioners and researchers (Kazemikaitiene & Bileviciene, 2008). The definition of e-government reveals how citizens benefit from its applications. For example most of past literature on the topic reports that e-government is a set of technological tools and applications which are designed with an aim of facilitating communication and interaction between citizens and the government (Teo, Srivastava & Jiang, 2008). More notable is the fact that past literature agrees that the satisfaction of citizens on e-governance is less satisfactory in most states (Svard, 2010). This is attributed to the challenges or problems that are faced by e-gove rnments as described in the following sections of the literature review. Failures in E-Government Leadership The process of acquisition, design, installation and implementation technology within government institutions, agencies and offices requires that proper monitoring and control is guaranteed for success (BBC, 2012). Even though past literature presents the various processes of developing e-governments differently, it is evident that proper leadership is vital for successful development of information systems within all levels of governance (Hakan & Karl, 2009). It is in this regard that researchers have focused at an evaluation of the leadership processes within government agencies that employ technology. Researchers report that several failures characterize the leadership of government agencies and departments in regard to the development of e-government applications (Groznik, Kovacic & Trkman, 2008). Among the most notable failures in leadership include poor control and mana gement of the initiation stage of e-government development and poor control of the implementation

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to increase disposal of heavy metals and radionuclide into the environment. Heavy metals contamination problem increase rapidly is due to the increasing of the industrialization. The key property of heavy metal is the non-biodegradable properties of the heavy metal ions. As metal ion persistent in nature it will remain in the environment and poses environmental-disposal problems (Leità £o, 2009). Among the pollution of water sources, contaminations of heavy metal ions in water are the problem that reaching a dangerous level (Regine and Volesky, 2000). The main sources of heavy metal ions contamination include the urban industrial aerosols, solid wastes from animals, mining activities, industrial and also agricultural activities (KarnikaAlluri et al,. 2007). Heavy metal is defined as element with high weight, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Heavy metal ions of concern include chromium, lead, mercury, silver, gold, zinc, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, uranium, selenium and mercury (Ahalya et al, 2003). Heavy metal ions can enter a water sources by industrial and consumer waste, or even from acidic rain breaking down soils and releasing heavy metals into streams, lakes, rivers, and groundwater (Lenntech, 2009). These heavy metals have high toxicity and impact as they can cause human major health problem (Leità £o, 2009). Heavy metal ions are dangerous because it tend to bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation defines as an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemicals concentration in the environment. Compounds accumulate in living things any time they are taken up and stored faster than they are broken down (metabolized) or excreted (Lenntech, 2009). This is because these heavy metals can be carried into food web as a result of leaching from water dumps or other polluted water sources. These metals then will increase the metals concentration at every level of food chain and cause affect human health (Paknikar et al, 2003). Even at low concentration, heavy metals can also causing human health problem. It can cause toxicity to humans and other forms of life. 1.1 Aquatic and water sources pollutants One of the main causes of aqueous heavy metal pollution is the release of the heavy metal ion containing industrial waste into water sources. This usually as a direct result of inefficiency treatment of the heavy metal removal processes. Occurrence of aquatic pollutants (such as heavy metals) has been correlated to alterations in the fish immune system and the incidence of infectious diseases. Water bodies are being overwhelmed with pollutant and waste matter such as heavy metal. Among all the toxic substances reaching hazardous levels are heavy metals (Regine and Volesky, 2000). Even very low level of certain heavy metals can have profound effects upon the structure or even the functions of the immune system that could be almost as harmful as direct toxic doses (Saxena et al, 2009). The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. Cadmium compounds are the by-product that used in re-chargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium will accumulate in living organisms and can cause several health problems in humans (Benguella and Benaissa, 2002). Cadmium emissions have increase dramatically during the 20th century, one reason being that cadmium-containing products are rarely re-cycled, but often dumped together with household waste. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce cadmium exposure in the general population in order to minimize the risk of adverse health effects. The other metal ion that should be concern is copper. Unlike cadmium, copper is not toxic as cadmium, however extensive of copper used in industry and increasing the copper levels in the environment was a reason for concern. Besides, the general population is primarily exposed to mercury through food, fish being a major source of methyl mercury exposure because of the major food source. The adverse effects of heavy metals on human health show in Table 1.0 (Hima et al., 2007). The best accepted option is to avoid the possibility of polluting the water sources. Thus, the treatments of heavy metals contaminated water become more important issues in this endeavour. To avoid health hazards is essential to remove all these toxic heavy metals from wastewater before its disposal. Table 1.0: Types of heavy metals and their effect on human health. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.2 Method for heavy metal removal Recently, the efficient method of removal heavy metals has become important and concern for industry (Malik, 2004). They are various industrial processes for elimination of heavy metals. These industrial wastewater treatments is due to the process of chemical precipitation, membrane technologies, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatment, ion exchange, evaporation recovery and also chemical oxidation-reduction (Leità £o, 2009). Physiochemical processes also use in heavy metals removal of water sources before the influents into natural water system (Nars and Garima, 2004). However, all this methods have a major disadvantage which is difficult to handle and expensive processes. Besides, these methods frequently result in the release of toxic products and thus cause of secondary sources of environmental pollution problem (Leità £o, 2009). Most of the physiochemical process become less effective and more expensive when he metal concentration are in range of 1 to 10 0 mg/L (Nars and Garima, 2004). Another major problem is the ability for removal of heavy metals in low concentrations and is inefficiency. It also produces other waste products that require careful disposal (Ahalya et al., 2003). Thus, a need for a cost effective alternative technologies are important. In this case, microbial biomass has the high efficiency and option for developing an economic and eco-friendly waste water treatment process. Bioremediation can be defined as a biological process or treatment that used to clean up of hazardous chemicals. Bioremediation processes involve the use of microorganisms or even enzyme to return the environment back to its original condition. In recent years, rapid urbanization and industrialization has led the increase of heavy metals into environment. Hence, due to the environmental protection and economical constrain the need of bioremediation in removing and recycling of metal ions from industrial wastewater become more important. Bioremediation can be an effective method that can alter the ecosystem pollution. There are certain main advantages to bioremediation, in which other process cannot be reach easily. One simple case that can be view is the contamination of gasoline in underground water. By injection of the right microorganism, it may reduce the pollution concentrations after a period of time. The bioremediation is less expensive compared to other chemical cleaning processes. In recent years, certain new method was discovered in removing heavy metals from the water sources. It was found that fungus biomass would be an effective method in removing heavy metal ions in wastewater. This is because the ability of fungi in absorbing metal ions would be more efficiency when it grow some condition or reach certain situation. Certain condition or pre-treatment can be use on to the fungal biomass to increase the efficiency in order to speed up the bioremediation process. In other words, the biosorption procedure are said to be easy to handle, safer, rapid process, and inexpensive for the pretreatment and trace metals separation in aqueous solutions (Say, 2003). However, many of these methods are ineffective. This resulting in low levels of heavy metal ion removal and can also be economically inefficiency (Ghimire et al., 2003). Figure 1.0: Schematic representation of biosorption procedure. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.3 Biomass of Fungus To overcome the entire metal ion pollution problem, all the removal of heavy metals from waste water must be highly effective. Thus the use of biomass was selected. The biomass has several advantages as heavy metal ion adsorbent over the commonly method and more efficient adsorbents and is a renewable source (Ghimire et al., 2002). Biomass often as the waste product from the industry processes. It is cheap and easily available product. Thus, according to the industrial perspective, heavy metal removal systems that are renewable and inexpensive are highly preferred by industry and achieve the environmental perspective. A filamentous fungus is a member of large group of eukaryotic organisms which are variable in form, behavior and life cycle patterns that are classified as a kingdom that is separated from plants, animals and bacteria (Geeta Sumbali, 2005). There is the possibility that fungus has the ability to remove heavy metal ions to meet the discharge standards required by federal regulations. Fungi can remove heavy metals and radio nuclides from the aqueous solution. Fungi can accumulate heavy metal and radionuclide species by physico-chemical and biological mechanisms. These methods include extracellular binding by metabolites and biopolymers, binding to specific polypeptides and metabolism-dependent accumulation (Tobin, 1994). The transfer of metals from environment into the cell maybe accomplished by active transport associated with metabolic activities, but it is also a passive process metal uptake by the cell across the cell wall. The cell-wall fraction of biomass plays an important role in the sorption of heavy metals. The potential of fungal biomass as biosorbent has been recognized for the removal of heavy metals from polluted water sources. Due to the negative charge from the different functional group, fungal cell walls can act as a cation exchanger (Fomina, 2007). The examples are phosphate, carboxylic, sulfhydryl or amine that was found in different wall compo nents such as hemicelluloses, pectin and lignin (Fomina, 2007). The reason that makes fungi biosorption become attractive is due to the possibility of obtaining large quantities of product without causing disposal problem and low cost. One example is the Rhizopus arrhizus, which are common for industrial exploitation due to its strong metal-sorbent properties. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The cell wall of fungi typically containing long chain of chitin polymer, cellulose or contain both chitin and cellulose. Fungi cell walls are rich in glycoproteins and polysaccharides, for example the glucans, chitin, mannans and phospho-mannans. The chemical structure of a part of cell wall fungi was show in figure 1.0. Chitin polymers layer provide the abundant sources of metal ion binding ligands. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The main chemical groups in a biomass which are able to uptake metal ions are the electronegative groups such as hydroxyl, sulfhydryl groups and amino groups. This is the main factor that causes the fungi biomasses have the ability to accumulate metal ion. The level of heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species was show in table 1.1. Figure 1.1: Schematic diagram representation of the outer cell layer of fungi. (Leità £o, 2009) Figure 1.2: Chemical structure for a part of chitin polymer. (Boya Volesky, 1999) Table 1.1: Heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species. (Narsi and Garima, 2005) 1.4 Objective of this thesis The main objective of this review is to present report of investigations related to the ability of fungal species as a suitable model organism to use in the process of eliminating heavy metal ions from contaminated water sources. In this review the removal of heavy metal ions such chromium, cadmium and copper from synthetic wastewater by a fungus biomass is presented. The design of an effective bioreactor for the removal of copper in aqueous solution is presented. The reactor was based on an aqueous system containing metal ions in solution. These reviews also include a report on the investigation of the effect that would affect the efficiency of fungal biomass in absorption metal ions. A study of factors that affect the efficiency of fungal biomass will provide a good industrial reference for the use of fungus in the removal of metal ion as a mean of protecting the environment from heavy metal pollution.

Mahatma Gandhi’s Death

What are we to make of Gandhi's life? How should we judge this homespun-wearing politician-saint, the man who brought down an empire by preaching brotherhood and nonviolence? At the very end, with his beloved India reaping its own destruction, Gandhi considered himself a failure. But his place in history is secure, and it does not diminish his greatness to point out that in some respects, he had failed. He had spent his life working toward the achievement of independence for India without violence or division–†you can cut me in two if you wish,† he famously told Muhammed Jinnah, â€Å"but don't cut India in two. Yet in the end, he was forced to watch as his newborn country was torn by one of the great human calamities of the century. Gandhi had made India ungovernable for the British, but in the autumn of 1947, it became ungovernable for anyone. If his political dream was in some sense a failure, so too was his dream of an India cleansed of the age-old inequities of caste and prejudice, and yet uncorrupted by modern technology and industry. He imagined a country where countless Indian peasants wove their own clothes and tilled their own land, without what he considered the ruinous effects of modernity. But after his death, history passed him by: his great disciple, Jawaharlal Nehru, was an ardent socialist, and by the 1950s Nehru's five-year plans were turning India into an industrial state–and eventually, a nuclear state. Meanwhile, the iniquities of class and gender that he had so loathed persisted, even into the 21st century. Yet Gandhi had to aspire as high as he did to achieve what he did; indeed he won triumphs for India that less idealistic leaders would never have dreamed possible. No one did more than Gandhi to improve the lot of poor Indians, and if his dreams fell short of reality, it was not because the dreams were flawed, but because the human race, which he loved so much, could not rise to the standard he set. It is true that India split after independence, but without Gandhi's labor, without the power of his person, there would have been no India at all. The nationalists of the Indian National Congress fought for independence, but they were, and always would be, a Westernized elite, out of touch with the vast masses inhabiting the real India. It was Gandhi, the Mahatma, who made the people of the subcontinent believe in the idea of an Indian nation; indeed, it was he, the frail, bespectacled figure with the simple clothes and the ready smile, who embodied this idea throughout the long decades of struggle. To the Indian people, Gandhi gave a nation. To the world, he gave satyagraha, arguably the most revolutionary idea of a long and ravaged century. He showed that political change could be affected by renouncing violence; that unjust laws could be defied peacefully and with a readiness to accept punishment; that â€Å"soul-force,† as much as armed force, could bring down an empire. He drew this lesson from his readings of the Bible and Tolstoy and the Bhagavad-Gita, and he taught it to Martin Luther King Jr. , Nelson Mandela, and countless other political protestors who would follow his example in the years to come. In some sense, Gandhi's greatest achievement lay in his legacy; for his ideals, and the example he provided in living them out, inspired, and continue to inspire, people of all nations to take up the peaceful struggle for freedom from oppression. India won independence in 1947, followed by the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, and partition of India. Gandhi said, â€Å"Before partitioning India, my body will have to be cut into two pieces. † About one million people died in the bloody riots until partition was reluctantly asserted by Gandhi as the only way to stop the Civil War. He urged the Congress Party to accept partition, and launched his last â€Å"fast-into-death† campaign in Delhi, calling for a stop to all violence. Gandhi also called to give Pakistan the 550,000,000 rupees in honor of the partition agreement. He tried to prevent instability and anger against India. Gandhi was shot three times in the chest and died while on his way to a prayer meeting, on January 30, 1948. His assassins were convicted and executed a year later. The ashes of Mahatma Gandhi were split in portions and sent to all states of India to be scattered in rivers. Part of Gandhi's ashes rest in Raj Ghat, near Delhi, India. Part of Mahatma Gandhi's ashes are at the Lake Shrine in Los Angeles.

The Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin - 1367 Words

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It did not last long though and soon he was looking for another job. This is when Benjamin Franklin began to work for the Pennsylvania Gazette, an extensive newspaper. He soon sold the paper though to venture into other endeavors. Benjamin Franklin was an inventor, printers assistant, politician, scientist as well as other things. Franklin also played the harp, violin, and guitar which expresses his great love for music and his love for learning. Benjamin cared that young people got a good education; he thought that education today isShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin’s life made a huge impact on the history of America. He also was an influence for many citizens. Since Franklin lived during the eighteenth century, a period of growth for America, he also played a part in the political founding of the United States. To help future generations, Franklin wrote an autobiography of his life. 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Effects Of Radiation Safety On The Health Risk Dealing...

Radiation Safety By Sean Trosper In requirements for AVIA 5103 Aviation Safety Program Development Michelle Crom, M.S. Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2. Discovery of Radiation 3. Health Effects of Radiation 4. Fukushima 5. Radiation Sources 6. Aircrew Radiation Exposure 7. Natural Ways to Reduce Radiation in Your Body 8. Conclusion Abstract This paper goes over radiation safety precautions and all the health risk dealing with radiation. I will discuss the discovery of radiation, non-iodizing and iodizing radiation, natural exposure to radiation, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation and how they affect us. Also the paper will be going over radiation from human activities: underground miners, radiologists, medical†¦show more content†¦For some reason, Becquerel decided to develop his photographic plates anyway. To his surprise, the images were strong and clear, proving that the uranium emitted radiation without an external source of energy such as the sun. Becquerel had discovered radioactivity. Becquerel used an apparatus similar to that displayed below to show that the radiation he discovered could not be x-rays. X-rays are neutral and cannot be bent in a magnetic field. The new radiation was bent by the magnetic field so that the radiation must be charged and different than x-rays. When different radioactive substances were put in the magnetic field, they deflected in different directions or not at all, showing that there were three classes of radioactivity: negative, positive, and electrically neutral. The term radioactivity was actually named by Marie Curie, who together with her husband Pierre, began investigating the phenomenon recently discovered by Becquerel. The Curies extracted uranium from ore and to their surprise, found that the leftover ore showed more activity than the pure uranium. They concluded that the ore contained other radioactive elements. This led to the discoveries of the elements polonium and radium. It took four more years of processing tons of ore to isolate enough of each element to determine their chemical properties. Ernest Rutherford, who did many experiments studying the properties of radioactive decay, named